The Metabolic Model of Heart Failure; the Role of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2(SGLT2) Inhibition

The sodium-glucose co-transporter-2-inhibitors (SGLT2I) recently gained a unique role in managing the heart failure reduced ejection fraction. These inhibitors reduce cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, including plasma glucose, blood pressure, albuminuria, body weight, and renal events long term. clinical trials proved their reducing hospitalization for HF, CV all-cause mortality, atherosclerosis-related events, CKD progression. Initiating this medication on decompensated or post-discharge reduces of re-hospitalization. co-transporter kidney regardless baseline biomarker concentration diabetes mellitus status. This article aims to metabolic paradigm cellular metabolism by exposing available novel therapy failure, uncovering possible mechanisms action system, describing positive effect prognostic markers as pro-BNP, well changing renin-aldosterone activity, cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7).